Ontology for Meteorological sensors Meteorological sensor ontology (sensor types) 2009-09-21 2010-09-06 http://purl.oclc.org/NET/ssnx/meteo/aws W3C Semantic Sensor Network Incubator Group This ontology is partially based on the work (http://www.hydrometeoindustry.org/Reports2010/Report_MeetingET_Requirements%20AWS6session_June2010.htm ) by the CBS/IOS Expert Team on Requirements and Implementation AWS Platforms at the World Meteorology Organisation on the specifications of codes list for AWS (Automatic Weather Station) Metadata catalogues. Agricultural Meterology domain knowledge is source from Guide to Agricultural Meteorological Practices (GAMP) http://www.wmo.int/pages/prog/wcp/agm/gamp/gamp_en.html (DRAFT version 3) and from other resources (the resources used for these definitions are defined in this ontology via the dc:source annotations) Additional work on this ontology has been done to complete the Agriculture Meteorology example of the ontology developed by the W3C Semantic Sensor Networks incubator group (SSN-XG). For more information on the group's activities see: http://www.w3.org/2005/Incubator/ssn/ . Please report any errors to the Semantic Sensor Network Incubator Activity via the public W3C list public-xg-ssn@w3.org Copyright 2010 W3C. http://www.w3.org/2005/Incubator/ssn/ Radiation Temperature Atmospheric pressure Wind Humidity Precipitation pyranometer total solar irradiance on a horizontal surface skos:closeMatch solarimeter (pyranometer) [GAMP 2.3.1.1] http://www.wmo.int/pages/prog/wcp/agm/gamp/gamp_en.html Bimetallic actinograph total solar irradiance on a horizontal surface Moll-Gorczynki pyranometer total solar irradiance on a horizontal surface Eppley pyranometer total solar irradiance on a horizontal surface Dirmhirm-Sauberer pyranometer total solar irradiance on a horizontal surface pyranometer with shade ring skos:broaderMatch solarimeter (pyranometer) [GAMP 2.3.1.1] http://www.wmo.int/pages/prog/wcp/agm/gamp/gamp_en.html albedometer pair of upward and downward facing solarimeters Medium : soil skos:closeMatch albedometer [GAMP 2.3.1.1] http://www.wmo.int/pages/prog/wcp/agm/gamp/gamp_en.html Tube solarimeter skos:closeMatch tube solarimeter [GAMP 2.4.1.1] http://www.wmo.int/pages/prog/wcp/agm/gamp/gamp_en.html Quantum sensor measure the PAR directly in the range 0.4 to 0.7 micrometers Surface Medium : surface air skos:closeMatch quantum sensor [GAMP 2.4.1.1] http://www.wmo.int/pages/prog/wcp/agm/gamp/gamp_en.html Pyrgeometer measurement of long-wave radiation from the earth skos:closeMatch pyrgeometer [GAMP 2.4.1.1] http://www.wmo.int/pages/prog/wcp/agm/gamp/gamp_en.html Surface temperature radiometer measurements of infra-red radiation emitted from near or remote surfaces Medium : soil Surface : canopy Medium : soil Surface : canopy skos:closeMatch surface temperature radiometer [GAMP 2.4.1.1] http://www.wmo.int/pages/prog/wcp/agm/gamp/gamp_en.html Net radiometer or net pyrradiometer or net exchange radiometer or balancemeter Net all-wave radiation (net flux of downward and upward total radiation i.e. solar, terrestrial and atmospheric) Surface : surface skos:closeMatch Net radiometers or net pyrradiometers or net exchange radiometers or balancemeters [GAMP 2.4.1.1] http://www.wmo.int/pages/prog/wcp/agm/gamp/gamp_en.html Campbell-Stokes sunshine meter World standard abolished in 1989 skos:closeMatch Campbell-Stokes sunshine meter [GAMP 2.4.1.1] http://www.wmo.int/pages/prog/wcp/agm/gamp/gamp_en.html Automatic sunshine recorder time during which direct radiation (on a plane perpendicular to the Sun’s beam) is larger than 120 Wm-2. skos:closeMatch Automatic sunshine recorder [GAMP 2.4.1.1] http://www.wmo.int/pages/prog/wcp/agm/gamp/gamp_en.html differential expansion thermometer Medium : air Surface : surface Medium : soil Medium : sea water Medium : air Surface : surface Medium : soil Medium : sea water Medium : air Surface : surface Medium : soil Medium : sea water Medium : air Surface : surface Medium : soil Medium : sea water Medium : air Surface : surface Medium : soil Medium : sea water skos:closeMatch Differential expansion thermometer [GAMP 2.4.1.2] http://www.wmo.int/pages/prog/wcp/agm/gamp/gamp_en.html Electrical resistance thermometer For small temperature changes, the increase in resistance of pure metals is proportional to the change in temperature. Often made in Platinum. Medium : air Surface : surface Medium : soil Medium : sea water Medium : air Surface : surface Medium : soil Medium : sea water Medium : air Surface : surface Medium : soil Medium : sea water Medium : air Surface : surface Medium : soil Medium : sea water Medium : air Surface : surface Medium : soil Medium : sea water skos:closeMatch Resistance thermometer [GAMP 2.4.1.2] http://www.wmo.int/pages/prog/wcp/agm/gamp/gamp_en.html Capacitive bead Medium : air Surface : surface Medium : soil Medium : sea water Medium : air Surface : surface Medium : soil Medium : sea water Medium : air Surface : surface Medium : soil Medium : sea water Medium : air Surface : surface Medium : soil Medium : sea water Medium : air Surface : surface Medium : soil Medium : sea water skos:closeMatch Capacitive bead [ET-AWS] http://www.hydrometeoindustry.org/Meetings2010/ET-AWS-6/Doc8[1]-AWS-MetadataCatalogues.pdf Thermistor Based on the variation of resistance of a semiconductor with a relatively large temperature coefficient of resistance, either positive (PTC) or negative (NTC) depending upon the actual material Medium : air Surface : surface Medium : soil Medium : sea water Medium : air Surface : surface Medium : soil Medium : sea water Medium : air Surface : surface Medium : soil Medium : sea water Medium : air Surface : surface Medium : soil Medium : sea water Medium : air Surface : surface Medium : soil Medium : sea water skos:closeMatch Thermistor [GAMP 2.4.1.2] http://www.wmo.int/pages/prog/wcp/agm/gamp/gamp_en.html Thermocouple Based on the generation of an electromotive force at the junction between two metals in contact, which is function of the temperature of the two metals Medium : air Surface : surface Medium : soil Medium : sea water Medium : air Surface : surface Medium : soil Medium : sea water Medium : air Surface : surface Medium : soil Medium : sea water Medium : air Surface : surface Medium : soil Medium : sea water Medium : air Surface : surface Medium : soil Medium : sea water skos:closeMatch Thermocouple [GAMP 2.4.1.2] http://www.wmo.int/pages/prog/wcp/agm/gamp/gamp_en.html Ultrasonic Sensor (virtual temperature) Medium : air Surface : surface Medium : soil Medium : sea water Medium : air Surface : surface Medium : soil Medium : sea water Medium : air Surface : surface Medium : soil Medium : sea water Medium : air Surface : surface Medium : soil Medium : sea water Medium : air Surface : surface Medium : soil Medium : sea water skos:closeMatch Ultrasonic Sensor (virtual temperature) [ET-AWS] http://www.hydrometeoindustry.org/Meetings2010/ET-AWS-6/Doc8[1]-AWS-MetadataCatalogues.pdf Wet-bulb temperature measurement system skos:closeMatch Wet-bulb temperature measurement system [ET-AWS] http://www.hydrometeoindustry.org/Meetings2010/ET-AWS-6/Doc8[1]-AWS-MetadataCatalogues.pdf Chilled mirror system skos:closeMatch Chilled mirror system [ET-AWS] http://www.hydrometeoindustry.org/Meetings2010/ET-AWS-6/Doc8[1]-AWS-MetadataCatalogues.pdf Dewcel system skos:closeMatch Dewcel system [ET-AWS] http://www.hydrometeoindustry.org/Meetings2010/ET-AWS-6/Doc8[1]-AWS-MetadataCatalogues.pdf Kata thermometer skos:closeMatch Kata thermometer [GAMP 2.4.1.2] http://www.wmo.int/pages/prog/wcp/agm/gamp/gamp_en.html Mechanical Aneroid barometer Medium : air skos:closeMatch conventional aneroid barometer [CIMO Guide 3.4] http://www.wmo.int/pages/prog/www/IMOP/publications/CIMO-Guide/CIMO%20Guide%207th%20Edition,%202008/Part%20I/Chapter%203.pdf Mercury barometer Medium : air skos:closeMatch Mercury barometer [CIMO Guide 3.2] http://www.wmo.int/pages/prog/www/IMOP/publications/CIMO-Guide/CIMO%20Guide%207th%20Edition,%202008/Part%20I/Chapter%203.pdf aneroid displacement transducer The aneroid displacement transducer contains a sensor with electrical properties (resistance or capacitance) that changes as the atmospheric pressure changes. Medium : air skos:closeMatch aneroid displacement transducer [CIMO Guide 3.3.1] http://www.wmo.int/pages/prog/www/IMOP/publications/CIMO-Guide/CIMO%20Guide%207th%20Edition,%202008/Part%20I/Chapter%203.pdf Capacitive aneroid The aneroid displacement transducer contains a sensor with electrical properties (resistance or capacitance) that changes as the atmospheric pressure changes. Resistive aneroid The aneroid displacement transducer contains a sensor with electrical properties (resistance or capacitance) that changes as the atmospheric pressure changes. digital piezo-resistive barometer Medium : air skos:closeMatch digital piezo-resistive barometer [CIMO Guide 3.3.1] http://www.wmo.int/pages/prog/www/IMOP/publications/CIMO-Guide/CIMO%20Guide%207th%20Edition,%202008/Part%20I/Chapter%203.pdf cylindrical resonator barometer A cylindrical resonator barometer (or vibrating cylinder air-pressure transducer) is designed to measure absolute air pressure using the vibrating element principle, providing a frequency output from which pressure is computed. Medium : air skos:closeMatch cylindrical resonator barometer [CIMO Guide 3.3.1] http://www.wmo.int/pages/prog/www/IMOP/publications/CIMO-Guide/CIMO%20Guide%207th%20Edition,%202008/Part%20I/Chapter%203.pdf Cup anemometer the angular velocity of the cup is directly proportional to the component of the wind speed parallel to the axis of rotation. Wind : wind skos:closeMatch Cup anemometer [GAMP 2.4.1.5] http://www.wmo.int/pages/prog/wcp/agm/gamp/gamp_en.html Propeller anemometer the angular velocity of the propeller rotor is directly proportional to the component of the wind speed parallel to the axis of rotation. Wind : wind skos:closeMatch Propeller and vane anemometer [GAMP 2.4.1.5] http://www.wmo.int/pages/prog/wcp/agm/gamp/gamp_en.html Pressure tube anemometer Wind : wind skos:closeMatch Pressure tube anemometer [GAMP 2.4.1.5] http://www.wmo.int/pages/prog/wcp/agm/gamp/gamp_en.html Hot-wire anemometer Wind : wind skos:closeMatch Hot-wire anemometer [GAMP 2.4.1.5] http://www.wmo.int/pages/prog/wcp/agm/gamp/gamp_en.html Hot-bead anemometer Wind : wind skos:closeMatch Hot-bead anemometer [GAMP 2.4.1.5] http://www.wmo.int/pages/prog/wcp/agm/gamp/gamp_en.html Wind Vane The signal generator is a shaft angle transducer: potentiometers, alternating and direct current synchros, digital angle-encoder disks, direct reading dials, and rotary switches Wind : wind skos:closeMatch Wind Vane [GAMP 2.4.1.5] http://www.wmo.int/pages/prog/wcp/agm/gamp/gamp_en.html Ultrasonic Wind sensor A sonic signal is emitted by sensor transducers Wind : wind Wind : wind skos:closeMatch Sonic anemometer [GAMP 2.4.1.5] http://www.wmo.int/pages/prog/wcp/agm/gamp/gamp_en.html chilled-mirror hygrometer condensation is detected on the surface of a small polished metal reflecting surface (a mirror), using optical means. The temperature at which condensation is formed is the dew point. Humidity : humidity Humidity : humidity Humidity : humidity chilled-mirror hygrometer [ET-AWS] http://www.hydrometeoindustry.org/Meetings2010/ET-AWS-6/Doc8[1]-AWS-MetadataCatalogues.pdf dew cell A dew cell heats a salt solution until its equilibrium vapour pressure equals to the ambient vapour pressure, and maintains this equilibrium The temperature when this occurs is measured and it provides a measure of the ambient vapour pressure Humidity : humidity Humidity : humidity Humidity : humidity dew cell [ET-AWS] http://www.hydrometeoindustry.org/Meetings2010/ET-AWS-6/Doc8[1]-AWS-MetadataCatalogues.pdf electrical resistance humidity sensor certain materials interact with water vapour and undergo a change in electrical resistance, in relation to ambient humidity. Humidity : humidity Humidity : humidity Humidity : humidity skos:closeMatch electrical resistance humidity sensor [ET-AWS] http://www.hydrometeoindustry.org/Meetings2010/ET-AWS-6/Doc8[1]-AWS-MetadataCatalogues.pdf capacitance sensor certain materials interact with water vapour and undergo a change in capacitance, in relation to ambient humidity. Humidity : humidity Humidity : humidity Humidity : humidity skos:closeMatch capacitance sensor [ET-AWS] http://www.hydrometeoindustry.org/Meetings2010/ET-AWS-6/Doc8[1]-AWS-MetadataCatalogues.pdf Capacitive - aluminum oxide certain materials interact with water vapour and undergo a change in capacitance, in relation to ambient humidity. Capacitive - thin film polymer certain materials interact with water vapour and undergo a change in capacitance, in relation to ambient humidity. psychrometer equipped with mercury-in-glass thermometer Humidity : humidity Humidity : humidity skos:closeMatch psychrometer equipped with mercury-in-glass thermometer [GAMP 2.4.1.6.1] http://www.wmo.int/pages/prog/wcp/agm/gamp/gamp_en.html portable aspirated and shielded psychrometer Artificially ventilated psychrometers, such as the Assmann type, the aspirated screen type, and the whirling type, Humidity : humidity Humidity : humidity skos:closeMatch portable aspirated and shielded psychrometer [GAMP 2.4.1.6.1] http://www.wmo.int/pages/prog/wcp/agm/gamp/gamp_en.html mechanical hygrometer Humidity : humidity Humidity : humidity skos:closeMatch mechanical hygrometer [GAMP 2.4.1.6.1] http://www.wmo.int/pages/prog/wcp/agm/gamp/gamp_en.html Infra-red gas analyzer hygrometer Humidity : humidity Humidity : humidity skos:closeMatch Infra-red gas analyzer hygrometer [GAMP 2.4.1.6.1] http://www.wmo.int/pages/prog/wcp/agm/gamp/gamp_en.html Single or double-junction peltier psychrometer Humidity : humidity Humidity : humidity skos:closeMatch Single or double-junction peltier psychrometer [GAMP 2.4.1.6.1] http://www.wmo.int/pages/prog/wcp/agm/gamp/gamp_en.html Tensiometer Medium : soil Layer : soil layer Medium : soil Layer : soil layer skos:closeMatch Tensiometer [GAMP 2.4.1.6.2] http://www.wmo.int/pages/prog/wcp/agm/gamp/gamp_en.html Electrical resistance block Layer : soil layer Medium : soil Layer : soil layer Medium : soil Layer : soil layer Medium : soil skos:closeMatch Electrical resistance block [GAMP 2.4.1.6.2] http://www.wmo.int/pages/prog/wcp/agm/gamp/gamp_en.html Gypsum block Nylon units Fiber-glass block Neutron probe Medium : soil Layer : soil layer Medium : soil Layer : soil layer skos:closeMatch Neutron probe [GAMP 2.4.1.6.2] http://www.wmo.int/pages/prog/wcp/agm/gamp/gamp_en.html Gamma absorption Medium : soil Layer : soil layer Medium : soil Layer : soil layer skos:closeMatch Gamma absorption [GAMP 2.4.1.6.2] http://www.wmo.int/pages/prog/wcp/agm/gamp/gamp_en.html Time Domain Reflectometry Time domain reflectometry (TDR) and time delay transmission Medium : soil Layer : soil layer Medium : soil Layer : soil layer skos:closeMatch Time Domain Reflectometry [GAMP 2.4.1.6.2] http://www.wmo.int/pages/prog/wcp/agm/gamp/gamp_en.html Frequency domain reflectometry (capacitance) Medium : soil Layer : soil layer Medium : soil Layer : soil layer skos:closeMatch Frequency domain reflectometry (capacitance).................................................... [Soil Water Monitoring] http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.118.567&rep=rep1&type=pdf Wetting front detection Medium : soil skos:closeMatch Wetting front detection [Soil Water Monitoring] http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.118.567&rep=rep1&type=pdf mechanical sensor with recorder Surface : canopy skos:closeMatch mechanical sensor with recorder [GAMP 2.4.1.6.3] http://www.wmo.int/pages/prog/wcp/agm/gamp/gamp_en.html electric sensor, which exploits the conductivity variation as a function of wetness Surface : canopy skos:closeMatch electric sensor, which exploits the conductivity variation as a function of wetness [GAMP 2.4.1.6.3] http://www.wmo.int/pages/prog/wcp/agm/gamp/gamp_en.html lysimeter Lysimeters are used for measurement of evaporation, transpiration, evapotranspiration (ET), effective rainfall, drainage, chemical contents of drainage water, to study climatic effects of ET on the performance of crops. skos:closeMatch lysimeter [GAMP 2.4.1.8.1] http://www.wmo.int/pages/prog/wcp/agm/gamp/gamp_en.html Thornthwaite lysimeter (drainage type) Lysimeters are used for measurement of evaporation, transpiration, evapotranspiration (ET), effective rainfall, drainage, chemical contents of drainage water, to study climatic effects of ET on the performance of crops. Popoff lysimeter (combined drainage and weighing type) Lysimeters are used for measurement of evaporation, transpiration, evapotranspiration (ET), effective rainfall, drainage, chemical contents of drainage water, to study climatic effects of ET on the performance of crops. weighing lysimeter Lysimeters are used for measurement of evaporation, transpiration, evapotranspiration (ET), effective rainfall, drainage, chemical contents of drainage water, to study climatic effects of ET on the performance of crops. hydraulic lysimeter (more robust weighing type) Lysimeters are used for measurement of evaporation, transpiration, evapotranspiration (ET), effective rainfall, drainage, chemical contents of drainage water, to study climatic effects of ET on the performance of crops. Microlysimeter Lysimeters are used for measurement of evaporation, transpiration, evapotranspiration (ET), effective rainfall, drainage, chemical contents of drainage water, to study climatic effects of ET on the performance of crops. screened and open pan evaporimeter skos:closeMatch screened and open pan evaporimeter [GAMP 2.4.1.8.1] http://www.wmo.int/pages/prog/wcp/agm/gamp/gamp_en.html Atmometer or small surface evaporimeter Shaded Piche evaporimeter Level measurement rain gauge Measuring the water level in a tube Precipitation : rainfall Precipitation : rainfall Precipitation : rainfall Precipitation : rainfall skos:closeMatch Level measurement rain gauge (LRG) [IOM-99_FI-RI 2.2.1e] http://www.wmo.int/pages/prog/www/IMOP/publications/IOM-99_FI-RI.pdf Weighing rain gauge Weighing of precipitation accumulated in a storage container Precipitation : rainfall Precipitation : rainfall Precipitation : rainfall Precipitation : rainfall skos:closeMatch Weighing rain gauge (WG) [IOM-99_FI-RI 2.2.1g-h] http://www.wmo.int/pages/prog/www/IMOP/publications/IOM-99_FI-RI.pdf Weighing rain gauge with pressure measurement Weighing of precipitation accumulated in a storage container Tipping bucket rain gauge Tipping balance of two buckets Precipitation : rainfall Precipitation : rainfall Precipitation : rainfall Precipitation : rainfall skos:closeMatch Tipping bucket rain gauge [IOM-99_FI-RI 2.2.1a-d] http://www.wmo.int/pages/prog/www/IMOP/publications/IOM-99_FI-RI.pdf Tipping-bucket rain gauge (TBRG) without correction Tipping balance of two buckets Tipping-bucket rain gauge with correction algorithm (TBRG-SC) Tipping balance of two buckets Tipping-bucket rain gauge with extra pulse correction (TBRG-PC) Tipping balance of two buckets Tipping-bucket rain gauge with mechanical correction (TBRG-MC) Tipping balance of two buckets Drop counters Counting the number of uniform droplets corresponding to a fixed volume of water Precipitation : rainfall Precipitation : rainfall Precipitation : rainfall Precipitation : rainfall skos:closeMatch Drop counters [ET-AWS] http://www.hydrometeoindustry.org/Meetings2010/ET-AWS-6/Doc8[1]-AWS-MetadataCatalogues.pdf Snow gauge Precipitation : snowfall skos:closeMatch Snow gauge [GAMP 2.4.1.7] http://www.wmo.int/pages/prog/wcp/agm/gamp/gamp_en.html Optical disdrometer Thin laser light sheets crossing the measuring volume: particle volume, speed (forward scatter) Precipitation : rainfall Precipitation : snowfall Layer : surface snow Precipitation : rainfall Precipitation : snowfall Layer : surface snow Precipitation : rainfall Precipitation : snowfall Layer : surface snow Precipitation : rainfall Precipitation : snowfall Layer : surface snow Precipitation : rainfall Precipitation : snowfall Layer : surface snow Precipitation : rainfall Precipitation : snowfall Layer : surface snow Precipitation : rainfall Precipitation : snowfall Layer : surface snow Precipitation : rainfall Precipitation : snowfall Layer : surface snow skos:closeMatch Optical disdrometer [IOM-99_FI-RI 2.2.2a] http://www.wmo.int/pages/prog/www/IMOP/publications/IOM-99_FI-RI.pdf Impact disdrometer Impact of precipitation particles on a plastic or metal membrane Precipitation : rainfall Precipitation : snowfall Precipitation : rainfall Precipitation : snowfall Precipitation : rainfall Precipitation : snowfall Precipitation : rainfall Precipitation : snowfall Precipitation : rainfall Precipitation : snowfall skos:closeMatch Impact disdrometer [IOM-99_FI-RI 2.2.2b] http://www.wmo.int/pages/prog/www/IMOP/publications/IOM-99_FI-RI.pdf Microwave radar disdrometer Backscatter (intensity of backscattered signal related to the number of particles and/or their water content) Precipitation : rainfall skos:closeMatch Microwave radar disdrometer [IOM-99_FI-RI 2.2.2c] http://www.wmo.int/pages/prog/www/IMOP/publications/IOM-99_FI-RI.pdf Optical/Capacitive sensor Precipitation : rainfall Precipitation : rainfall skos:closeMatch Optical/Capacitive sensor [IOM-99_FI-RI 2.2.2d] http://www.wmo.int/pages/prog/www/IMOP/publications/IOM-99_FI-RI.pdf Sonic ranging measure the elapsed time between emission and return of an ultrasonic pulse sent vertically down to the snow covered ground surface Precipitation : snowfall Precipitation : snowfall skos:closeMatch Sonic ranging [ET-AWS] http://www.hydrometeoindustry.org/Meetings2010/ET-AWS-6/Doc8[1]-AWS-MetadataCatalogues.pdf Laser emits modulated visible laser light and determines the distance to an object by comparing phase information Precipitation : snowfall Precipitation : snowfall skos:closeMatch Laser [ET-AWS] http://www.hydrometeoindustry.org/Meetings2010/ET-AWS-6/Doc8[1]-AWS-MetadataCatalogues.pdf Snow pillow Tensiometric sensors detect the hydrostatic pressure caused by the layer of snow on top of the pillow Precipitation : snowfall Precipitation : snowfall skos:closeMatch Snow pillow [ET-AWS] http://www.hydrometeoindustry.org/Meetings2010/ET-AWS-6/Doc8[1]-AWS-MetadataCatalogues.pdf